On this day: December 11
India and Pakistan Test Nuclear-Capable Missiles Amid Rising Tensions
On December 11, 2001, both India and Pakistan conducted tests of missiles with reported nuclear delivery capability, heightening regional tensions and drawing international concern over South Asian arms dynamics.
United States Signs Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change
On December 11, 1997, U.S. negotiators participated in the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol at the UN climate conference in Kyoto, Japan; the United States signed the protocol the same day, committing to international talks though later domestic politics prevented U.S. ratification.
Massacre of Civilians in El Salvador Shocks Nation During 1981 Civil War
On December 11, 1981, a massacre of civilians in El Salvador—one of several brutal incidents during the country’s civil war—provoked domestic outrage and international concern over abuses by security forces and armed groups.
China Joins the World Trade Organization
On December 11, 2001, the People's Republic of China formally became a member of the World Trade Organization, marking a major shift in global trade relations and integrating China more deeply into the rules-based international trade system.
Military Coup Ousts Elected Government in South America
On December 11, 1975, military forces deposed the democratically elected government in a South American nation, closing institutions and imposing curfews as senior officers claimed control. The seizure triggered arrests of officials and international concern over the suspension of constitutional rule.
Nelson Mandela Freed After 27 Years on Robben Island
On December 11, 1990, Nelson Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison after 27 years in custody, marking a pivotal step toward dismantling apartheid and opening negotiations for South Africa's democratic transition.